Issue №: 2 (64)
The journal deals with the issues of efficiency of functioning of the national economics and organizational forms of management of the national economy. Attention is paid to the problems of marketing, management and efficiency of production and economic activity of agrarian enterprises. The issues of public administration and administration, accounting and taxation, banking and insurance, forecasting and modeling of economic processes, foreign economic activity, commodity flows of economic entities and their infrastructure support.
A REVIEW OF WASTE MANAGEMENT IN THE EU COUNTRIES AND THE EXPERIENCE OF ITS ENERGY USE
TOKARCHUK Dina – Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of the Administrative Management and Alternative Energy Resources, Vinnytsia National Agrarian University (21008, Vinnytsia, 3, Soniachna Str., е-mail: tokarchyk_dina@ukr.net).
TOMLІAK Taisa – Doctor of Philosophy in Law (PhD), Associate Professor of the Department of Law, Vinnytsia National Agrarian University (21008, Vinnytsia, 3, Soniachna Str., e-mail: tomlak.taya@gmail.com).
The article is devoted to the review of waste management in the EU countries and the study of the practices of their energy use. The amount and sources of waste generation in the EU countries and the current trends in its management are analyzed. Special attention is paid to the analysis of production and collection of organic (food) waste by the population; evaluated the top 5 best European models of their collection (open container; door-to-door collection; open container on the street, accessible only to owners; collection of household waste divided into two streams «wet/dry»; composting directly on the territory of their generation). The door-to-door model has shown the highest efficiency when implemented by the households in most European countries in most cases. Two main directions of organic waste management were analyzed: composting and anaerobic fermentation with biogas production. These directions of waste use correspond to the principles of the circular economy and help to use the available potential of waste. Anaerobic digestion of waste is preferred to the composting because it produces both energy resources (biogas, which can be purified to biomethane and also converted into electrical and thermal energy) and biofertilizers (digestate). The experience of individual European countries in the energy use of the organic fraction of municipal solid waste (hereinafter referred to as MSW) is presented. It is substantiated that the use of waste of various origins (households, enterprises, municipal wastewater, etc.) for the production of biogas is actively developing in European countries; both the number of manufacturing enterprises and their production capacities are growing. A trend towards an increase in the production of biomethane – purified biogas, which has a wider application then biogas – has been noted. The production of biomethane and biogas in relation to the total gas consumption in the sixteen largest European countries is analyzed, the largest percentage of substitution as of 2021 is noted in Denmark – 5% of natural gas was replaced by biogas, 19% – by biomethane. It has been confirmed that European countries are intensifying the production of energy carriers from waste in order to reduce dependence on buying natural gas from russia. An increase in energy independence on russian energy resources is expected to accelerate as a reaction to hostilities in Ukraine.
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4. Pryshliak, N.V., Tokarchuk, D.M., & Palamarenko, Ya.V. (2021). Peredumovy ta orhanizatsiino ekonomichnyi mekhanizm formuvannia ta realizatsii stratehii povodzhennia z vidkhodamy ahrarnykh pidpryiemstv [Prerequisites and organizational and economic mechanism of formation and implementation of waste management strategy of agricultural enterprises]. Ekonomika ta derzhava Economy and the state, 3, 104 117. DOI: 10.32702/2306 6806.2021.3.104 [in Ukrainian].
5. Kaletnik, H.M., Zdyrko, N.H., & Fabiianska, V.Yu. (2018). Biohaz v domohospodarstvakh zaporuka enerhonezalezhnosti silskykh terytorii [Biogas in households is the key to energy independence of rural areas]. Ekonomika, finansy, menedzhment: aktualni pytannia nauky i praktyky Economy, finances, management: topical issues of science and practical activity, 8 (36), 7 22 [in Ukrainian].
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12. Tokarchuk, D.M. (2021). Yevropeiskyi dosvid efektyvnoho vykorystannia biovidkhodiv [European experience of effective use of bio waste]. Ekolohichno druzhni tekhnolohichni rishennia dlia mistsevykh hromad shchodo povodzhennia z vidkhodamy Environmentally friendly technological solutions for local communities in waste management: Proceedings of the National Forum «Waste Management in Ukraine: Legislation, Economy, Technologies» (рр. 129 134). Kyiv: Tsentr ekolohichnoi osvity ta informatsii [in Ukrainian].
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16. Tsiny na haz u Yevropi vpaly do 16 misiachnoho minimum [Gas prices in Europe fell to a 16 month low]. ukrinform.ua. Retrieved from: https://www.ukrinform.ua/rubric economy/3653551 cini na gaz u evropi vpali do16misacnogo minimumu.html [in English].
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18. Heletukha, H., Kucheruk, P., & Matvieiev, Yu. (2022). Perspektyvy vyrobnytstva biometanu v Ukraini [Prospects of biomethane production in Ukraine]. Analitychna zapyska BAU Analytical note of BAU, 29. Retrieved from: https://uabio.org/wp content/uploads/2022/09/UA Position paper UABIO 29.pdf [in Ukrainian].
19. V Ukraini za rik stvoryly umovy dlia rozvytku vyrobnytstva biometanu Derzhenerhoefektyvnosti [In Ukraine, the conditions for the development of biomethane production were created during the year the State Energy Efficiency Agency]. ecopolitic.com.ua. Retrieved from: https://ecopolitic.com.ua/ua/news/v
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The journal “Economy, finances, management: Topical issues of science and practice” is included in the "List of Scientific Professional Editions of Ukraine".
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It was founded in 1997 under the name "Bulletin of the Vinnytsia State Agricultural Institute". In 2010-2014 he was published under the title “Collection of scientific works of Vinnitsa National Agrarian University”.
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According to the decision of National Council of Television and Radio Broadcasting of Ukraine from 25.04.2024 No. 1337 the scientific journal «Economy, finances, management: topical issues of science and practical activity» has the ID of the Media R30-05171.
