Economy, finances, management: Topical issues of science and practical activity

BOGATCHUK Svetlana is a candidate of historical sciences, associate professor of department of 

history of Ukraine and philosophy, Vinnytsya national agrarian university (21008, Vinnytsya, street Sunny, 

3, е- mail: svetabogatchuk@ukr.net)

The socio-economic situation of the Ukrainian peasants of the Right Bank of the mid-19th century is analyzed.

It is investigated that in the social composition of the population of Right-Bank Ukraine of the 19th century. the largest group consisted of serfs, who accounted for 91% of the peasants of Podolsk, 90% - Kyiv, 74% - Volyn province. The transition of the Right Bank to the power of Russia as a result of the three divisions of the Commonwealth was both painful and without dramatic changes. Although the Russian tsarism promised the local population to improve their social conditions of living, well-being. Therefore, the main task is to characterize the situation of the Ukrainian peasantry of Right-Bank Ukraine in the middle of the nineteenth century.

It should be recalled that the long-term domination of the Polish gentry in Right-Bank Ukraine has affected the economic backwardness of many areas.
It was noted that the Russian tsarism pursued inconsistent and contradictory policies. On the territory of Right-Bank Ukraine force of coercion, cruelty, arbitrariness, economic and social oppression of the masses were applied. This was revealed immediately after the Right Bank's annexation of Russia in 1793, following the second division of the Commonwealth: from deepening social differentiation to further enslavement and the deterioration of life of the bulk of its population - the Ukrainian peasants.

It has been investigated that the massive ruin and impoverishment of the peasantry contributed to the emergence and spread on the Right Bank of vagrancy or gurgling ("homeless people"), that is, people who lost their livelihoods and places. In Right-Bank Ukraine, these were peasants who, under certain circumstances, lost their job opportunities and filled the ranks of the poor.

According to the law, landowners were entitled to send rebellious peasants to Siberia, to recruit, to jail, to punish when and how they wished. Using the peasant's labor and property, the landlord encumbered him with various jobs and duties, he could marry the peasant, betray his children, marry and sell separately to members of one family. Nobody condemned him for that.

During the peasant (agrarian) reform of 1861, the landowners took over the best lands, leaving the worse for the peasants. In Right-Bank Ukraine, large landed estates remained, and peasants received small plots for their use, about 220 thousand did not receive land, although they had the right to manage their lives independently.

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