Issue №: 10 (50)
The magazine deals with the problems of the agricultural sector of the economy in the context of integration and processes of globalization. Attention is paid to the issues of development of digital economy, rural territories, technologies of enterprise management and organization of accounting, problems of legal support of economic processes, market tendencies of development of various branches of economy. Particular attention is paid to green tourism as a promising segment of the national economy.
PECULIARITIES OF CONDUCTING THE LAND REFORM ON THE ZAKARPATHY IN 1918-1938.
PIKOVSKA Tetiana Valentinivna - Candidate of Historical Sciences, Senior Lecturer of the
Department of Law, Vinnytsia National Agrarian University (21008, Vinnytsia, 3, Solyaschyna St., e-mail:
Tetiana261285@i.ua)
The economic and social situation of the Transcarpathian peasantry before the land reform was analyzed. It is determined that Transcarpathia, due to geopolitical changes on the map of Europe after the First World War, became part of the First Czechoslovak Republic. Inherited from the Austro-Hungarian monarchy of Transcarpathia, a heavy economic burden lay on the shoulders of the young republic. The lack of education, poverty, colorful national composition of the local population, lack of infrastructure, schools and hospitals are the main characteristics of the region, which in 1918 became part of Czechoslovakia under the name of Subcarpathian Rus. Features of Czechoslovak legislative support of land reform were identified: specially authorized services were created, which had to describe the land subject to confiscation and divide the land between landless and landless peasants. The features of the reform in Subcarpathian Rus are characterized: creation of a wide network of cooperative societies, colonization (relocation of representatives of the dominant nation to the territory of national minorities), misunderstanding of the local population about the essence of land reform. The actual implementation of land reform began in early 1921. The total area of land subject to confiscation was about 239 thousand hectares. These lands were owned by large landowners who owned 36,000 hectares under the land reform law. Thus, the area of about 203 thousand hectares should actually be distributed. Territorially, these lands covered 230 counties of Subcarpathian Rus, that is, they were located in almost half of the villages of the region. As of June 1, 1930, 20 691 hectares of arable land were distributed, 15 733 persons acquired small plots of land with an area of 13 635 hectares, 15 persons - estates with an area of 1680 hectares, 63 persons - plots up to 68 hectares. It is proved that land reform in Transcarpathia in 1918-1938 was half-finished and unfinished.
Evidence of incomplete land reform is statistics showing that only 10% of the land to be distributed has received new owners among landless and landless peasants.
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Ekonomika. Finansy. Menedzhment: aktualni pytannia nauky i praktyky. Economics.Finance.Management:
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