Economy, finances, management: Topical issues of science and practical activity

PIKOVSKA Tetiana Valentinivna  -  Candidate of Historical Sciences, Senior Lecturer of the 

Department of Law, Vinnytsia National Agrarian University (21008, Vinnytsia, 3, Solyaschyna St., e-mail: 

Tetiana261285@i.ua)

The economic development and political structure of Czechoslovakia after the end of World War I is analyzed. Attention is paid to the peculiarities of the functioning of trade unions in the republic. Some distinctive features of the trade union movement are identified - the fragmentation and influence of political parties. The process of unions' fulfillment of their direct functions - mediation between big capital and workers, improvement of position of workers is covered. It was noted that the structure of the trade union movement was clearly defined and was hierarchical.

This support could be both open and hidden. In the middle of each trade union organization, there was a whole network of small trade union organizations, called trade union departments and operating at separate enterprises. Formally, their activity was independent of the center. There were also small trade unions that were not under the influence of any major trade union organization. Unlike political unions funded by political parties, they had little political influence on the ground. It was found that in addition to large trade unions, there were a large number of small trade unions in the republic.  Some of them belonged to non-influential political parties. However, there were those who were extremely professional in nature. The Czechoslovak trade unions have described these functions, which can be divided into three groups: direct actions, instruments of social reconciliation, ancillary measures. It was noted that the influence of trade unions during the period 1918-1924 as an expression of the interests of workers increased significantly. This is evidenced by statistics of won labor disputes and successful strikes of employees. However, the fragmentation of trade unions, which intensified over time, did not make the dialogue between the worker and the state more rational, which eventually led to a decrease in the intensity of the strike movement and a decrease in the level of confidence in the trade unions in the working environment. The main reason for this phenomenon was the fragmentation of Czechoslovak society due to national, religious and political heterogeneity.

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