Issue №: 3(43)
The magazine deals with the problems of the agricultural sector of the economy in the context of integration and processes of globalization. Attention is paid to the issues of development of digital economy, rural territories, technologies of enterprise management and organization of accounting, problems of legal support of economic processes, market tendencies of development of various branches of economy. Particular attention is paid to green tourism as a promising segment of the national economy.
AGRICULTURE IMPROVEMENT ACT OF 2018: SUMMARY AND PERSPECTIVE
ZULAUF Carl – Ph.D., Professor Emeritus, Department of Agricultural, Environmental, and Development Economics, The Ohio State University (43210, Columbus, Ohio, e-mail: zulauf.1@osu.edu).
The Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018, the latest US farm bill, contains no major realignment of spending across its 12 titles. Nevertheless, potentially important programmatic changes are authorized. Payments by commodity assistance programs are more closely tied to current market conditions, including allowing farms to annually change commodity program starting with the 2021 crop. Commitment to using private-public partnerships to address farm environmental issues is increased. US land conservation programs appear to be evolving to a pyramid policy approach composed of (1) conservation farming practices for land cropped annually (2) short term contracts to revitalize soil health, (3) environmental fallow to remove land from production for longer periods, and (4) long term conservation easements. The Research and Extension title had the largest percent increase in mandatory funding. Mandatory funding for US agricultural export programs were increased by double digits. Issues with provisions in multiple titles include organic production, local foods, urban agriculture, food wastes, legalization of hemp production, and programs to assist young, beginning, veteran, and socially disadvantage farmers.
- Coppess, J. (2018). The Fault Lines of Farm Policy: A Legislative and Political History of the Farm Bill. University of Nebraska Press: Lincoln and London. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781506365664.n118
- The National Agricultural Law Center. February 2019. Contains all US farm bills. Available at: http://nationalaglawcenter.org/farmbills/.
- US Congress. 115th Congress. December 2017. Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 (formal title is H.R.1 - An Act to provide for reconciliation pursuant to titles II and V of the concurrent resolution on the budget for fiscal year 2018). Available at: https://www.congress.gov/bill/115th-congress/house-bill/1. DOI: 10.2307/j.ctv80c9cw
- US Congress. 115th Congress. December 2018. Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018. Available at: https://www.agriculture.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/CRPT- 115hrpt1072.pdf.
- US Congress, Congressional Budget Office. April 2018. CBO’s April 2018 Baseline for Farm Programs. Available at: https://www.cbo.gov/ sites/default/files/recurringdata/51317-2018-04-usda.pdf.
- US Congress, Congressional Budget Office. December 11, 2018. Letter to Honorable K. Michael Conway, “Direct Spending and Revenue Effects of the Conference Agreement for H.R. 2, the Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018”. Available at: https://www.cbo.gov/system/files?file=2018-12/hr2conf_0.pdf.
- US Department of Agriculture, Farm Service Agency. February 12, 2019. “ARC/PLC Program – ARC/PLC Election Data.” Available at: https://www.fsa.usda.gov /programs-and-services/arcplc_program/index.
- US Department of Agriculture, National Agricultural Statistics Service. February 12, 2019. QuickStats. Available at: http://quickstats.nass.usda.gov/.
- US Department of Agriculture, Office of the Chief Economist. February 8, 2019. World Agricultural Supply and Demand Estimates. WASDE-585. Available at: https://www.usda.gov/oce/commodity/wasde/index.htm.
- Zulauf, C. and C. Wolf (shared senior authorship). December 17, 2018. "Dairy Provisions in 2018 Farm Bill.” farmdoc daily (8):232. Department of Agricultural and Consumer Economics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Available at: http://www.farmdoc.illinois.edu/.
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