Issue №: 3 (73)
The journal deals with the issues of efficiency of functioning of the national economics and organizational forms of management of the national economy. Attention is paid to the problems of marketing, management and efficiency of production and economic activity of agrarian enterprises. The issues of public administration and administration, accounting and taxation, banking and insurance, forecasting and modeling of economic processes, foreign economic activity, commodity flows of economic entities and their infrastructure support.
CONCEPTUAL PRINCIPLES OF NATIONAL SECURITY OF UKRAINE UNDER EXISTENTIAL CHALLENGES
ZAKHARCHENKO Volodymyr – Doctor of Economic Sciences, Professor of the Department of Administrative Management and Alternative Energy Sources, Vinnytsia National Agrarian University (21008, Vinnytsia, 3, Soniachna Str., e-mail: zakharchenkovn@i.ua).
The article in the context of historical epochs traces the evolution of the main ideas of national security studies, which should serve as a basis for the development of conceptual principles of national security of Ukraine in the context of existential challenges.
It was established that during the first civilizations, the focus was on the security of ancient states (Persia, Egypt, etc.), and not citizens, and was based on centralized power (pharaoh and king), military structures and religious dogmas. In ancient times, the role of personal security of citizens increased, although it was considered in the context of state security. Already in those days, according to the views of Aristotle and Plato, this security required a perfect state system, and, according to T. Libya, rulers who did not seek the had required of a sole monarchy. During the Middle Ages, important ideas were put forward for the judicial protection of citizens, in particular in the «Rus Truth» and in the «Judge of Grand Duke Casimir» of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania.
It is noted that the early modern times (1492-1789) brought to mankind many new ideas in the field of national security: in the foreign policy and military spheres – to protect the sovereignty of the state by military means and within the security spheres the aim was to protect community, to ensure «eternal peace» or peaceful coexistence of states; in the spheres of personal and domestic political security – to respect the natural rights of people within the framework of a social contract on the principles of justice, election, separation of powers and the formation of a strong government. It is shown that in modern times (1789-1914) the idea of creating republics has become important, which, according to their democratic nature, are not inclined to start wars, since this requires the consent of the majority of people, although the protection of the sovereignty of the country, including by military means, and at that time was recognized by their citizens as one of the priorities of state security.
It is noted that in modern times (1914 - to this day), such scientists as: V. Lippmann – regarding the conditions for avoiding war; G. Morgenthau - regarding the «balance of power»; K. Knorr and J. Shlesinger – regarding the choice of low-cost weapons systems; A. Toynbee – on pacifism of democratic states; F. Fukuyama – regarding the «end of history» subject to the victory of democracies; S. Huntington – regarding the confrontation of civilizations. It is shown that in order to strengthen the national security potential, it is necessary to strengthen the fight against corruption and shadowing of the economy, as well as to ensure sustainable development of the country.
Based on the study, it was concluded that modern approaches to the definition of national security include national values, interests and goals. This triad belongs to the main driving forces of national security in general and its main spheres: personal security, foreign policy, state, military, domestic political, information, economic, social, humanitarian and environmental security.
The article also substantiates the need to adopt the Concept of National Security of Ukraine in the face of existential challenges, which should absorb the most important ideas developed by mankind during the long history, and take into account the challenges associated with military threats from russia.
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